Chapter 11: Protists and Fungi
Section 1: Protists
Vocabulry
Protist: an organism that belongs to the kingdom protista.
Hererotroph: an organism that gets food by eating other organisms or their byproduct and that cannot make organic compounds from inorganic material.
Parasite: An organism that feeds on an organism of another species (the host) and that usually harms the host; the host never benefits from the presence of the parasite.
Host: An organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter.
Hererotroph: an organism that gets food by eating other organisms or their byproduct and that cannot make organic compounds from inorganic material.
Parasite: An organism that feeds on an organism of another species (the host) and that usually harms the host; the host never benefits from the presence of the parasite.
Host: An organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter.
Summary
ch.11 section 1 is about protists. Protists are very different from each other. As most protists are single-celled some protists are made of multiple cells and others live in colonies. Protists are separated into the kingdom protista not by how they are similar but how they are different from other organisms. Protists have a variety of ways to get food, some make their own food, some eat the remains of other organisms, and some protists use more than one method of getting food. Protists that make their own food are known as producers. Producers have special structures in their cells called chloroplasts which capture energy from the sun then the protist makes food from the energy. Another way protists get food is from their enviroment. these protists are called decomposer which break down dead organisms to get energy. Most protists reproduce asexually in asexual reproduction the offsprings come from one parent, the offspring is identical to the parent.
Section 2: Kinds of Protists
Vocabulary
Alga: Eukaryotic organisms that convert the suns energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves.
Phytoplankton: The microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface of marine or fresh water.
Phytoplankton: The microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface of marine or fresh water.
Summary
Many protists are producers. Protists make food through photosynthesis just like plants make food through photosynthesis. Protists that make food through photosynthesis are known as algae. Alga have green pigment chlorophyll for making food. Usually algae are made of multiple cells. Multi-celled algae usually live in shadow water along the shore. There are some single-celled algae called phytoplankton. Phytoplankton usually float near the waters surface. Most of wolds seaweed is red algae which live in tropical oceans attached to rocks or other algae. the green algae are green because chlorophyll is the main pigment in their cells and green algae are the most diverse group of protist producers. Most likely when you find a type of seaweed in a cool climate it is brown algae. Brown algae attach to rocks or form a large floating bed in ocean waters. diatoms are single celled they are found both in salt water and fresh water. Dinoflagellates are single celled, they mostly live in salt water but some live in fresh water. euglenoids are single celled protists that live mostly in fresh water. Some heterotrophs can not move but some have special traits that allow them to move an example of a protist that can move is amoebas. Amoebas soft jelly like protists. An example of a protist that cannot move would be water molds. Water molds are small single celled organisms.
Section 3: Fungi
Vocabulary
Fungus: an organism whose cells have nuclei, rigid cell walls, and no chlorophyll and that belongs to the kingdom fungi.
Hypha: a non-reproductive filament of a fungus.
mycelium: the mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that forms the body of a fungus.
Spore: a reproductive cell or multi-cellular structure that is resistant to stressful environmental conditions and that can develop into an adult without fusing with another cell.
Mold: a fungus that looks like wool or cotton.
lichen: a mass of fungal algal cells that grow together in a simbiotic relationship and that are usually found on rocks and trees.
Hypha: a non-reproductive filament of a fungus.
mycelium: the mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that forms the body of a fungus.
Spore: a reproductive cell or multi-cellular structure that is resistant to stressful environmental conditions and that can develop into an adult without fusing with another cell.
Mold: a fungus that looks like wool or cotton.
lichen: a mass of fungal algal cells that grow together in a simbiotic relationship and that are usually found on rocks and trees.
Summary
Fungi are eukariotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no chlorophyll. Fungi cannot catch their own food. In order for fungi to get food they have to be near their food supply. For fungi to get the food they release digestive juices on to the food source to dissolve it and get the nutrients. Fungi are usually multi cellular organisms but some are single celled but all fungi are made of eukaryotic cells. Fungi can either reproduce asexually or sexually. Fungi can reproduce asexually two ways which are when the breaks apart and each new piece becomes a new fungi and the second way is that the fungi produces spores. Fungi are classified on their shape and the way they reproduce. One type of fungi are sac fungi sac fungi are the largest group of fungi which include yeast powdery mildews, truffles, and morels. Sac fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually. most sac fungi are made of multiple cells however yeast is a single celled sac fungi.
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